The front doesn't really change. The radius arms are about the same length as the shaft so there is almost no length change.
The rear is where stuff starts happening. As you roll the pinion up and fix the rear U-joint angle, the need for a longer shaft lessens. 2½" might need a longer shaft, 3½"is more likely to need a shaft. How likely? Is it even a stock shaft to start with? Are you doing any long travel work with the suspension? The CV could be binding before any other limitations, that is bad (destructive) to the CV. As for length, you don't want it to bottom out. Also watch for over extension, typically that is where you start seeing the splines pulling out of the grease seal. Not just staticly, dynamicly. It is bad enough to come out of a dip in the road the the shaft pull apart, can be worse if it almost pulls apart, binds up, and trys to compress.