I have not heard anyone mention pad size/friction surface area yet, assuming that makes a quantifiable difference (which I think it likely does).
I have not looked up the square-inch size of the pads in question, but if the Wilwoods are enough larger than stock, with the wider support of the 4-pistons in the caliper, there could still be an advantage to them even without the larger diameter rotor.
I wonder if there is a specification for clamping force applied to a rotor? Guessing it's surface area driven, but other than that I have no idea how they would measure to compare.
For substantially less money (like $500 bucks less) you can get the larger and heavier 6-piston Dynapro calipers. They're used with slightly smaller diameter rotors at 11.75 inches, presumably to let the larger caliper still fit inside a 15" wheel, so not sure how that effects the equation. But that gets the thermal mass that was discussed up a notch I would think.
The evenness of the clamping force and the (perhaps) larger pad area of the 6-piston caliper could tip the scales to the benefit side. Unfortunately I see they we don't list them for the '76 and '77 Broncos which is obviously a problem for this discussion.
But in a pinch if you were looking for something like that and didn't mind changing to the earlier knuckles and steering in order to keep the 15" wheels, it's at least an option.
I don't think swapping knuckles has any other advantage unless you're lifted and use the truck off-road and want the early steering linkage anyway, to support the larger tires better.
Or if you happen to have found a perfect set of 15" wheels that have too much backspacing for the '76/'77 knuckles?
Lotta' reach there, but it's all stuff that goes on with Broncos all the time anyway.
Just trying to add some more to the discussion here. I can't say any given Wilwood for a 15" wheel will outperform a stock brake or not, but limiting the discussion to only the Superlite series might not tell the full story.
The larger Ford calipers is always an option as well. But even with the larger piston potentially applying more pressure to the back of the pads, the friction material area is exactly the same as the stock Bronco pad material.
Paul