Yes, they're different. But not maybe like you think.
Doesn't matter if it's from a '76/'77 Bronco with disc brakes, a '76-'79 pickup with disc brakes, a '78/'79 Bronco with disc brakes, or a '66 to '75 Bronco with drum brakes.
The knuckles will all bolt up to each axle. The ball joints are the same part number over all of those listed vehicles and then some.
The differences are three:
1. The size of the spindle register (the big hole) is larger on the disc brake knuckles so the spindles do not interchange between them (hence the use of GM spindles in the "kits" that most of us sell)
2. The number of spindle bolts. Drum brake knuckles have 6-bolt spindles and disc brake knuckles have 5-bolt spindles. So there is a double-incompatibility here.
3. The location, angle and tapered hole size of the steering arms is different between them. The full-size truck and Bronco disc knuckles have steering arms that are lower and have larger holes than drum brakes they're replacing. The disc brake Early Bronco steering arms are higher, angled further outward and have smaller holes. So depending on what you pick up, you either need the tapered shims to fit your tie rod to a full size knuckle, or a longer tie-rod with smaller rod ends to fit the Bronco disc knuckles.
All of which are easily available off-the-shelf, and are relatively inexpensive. I say that even about the tie-rod, because chances are relatively good you're replacing the old one anyway.
The calipers, caliper mounting brackets, and wheel bearings are all common among them all.
The soft caliper hoses are different, but again readily available and probably need replacing anyway.
The Early Bronco knuckles are the least desirable as a swap, but the most desirable from an alignment and street driving aspect. But it's not worth the hassle usually, so the truck knuckles end up being your go-to swap parts typically.
Paul