Axle breather. The bolt that holds the block on is hollow. The fuel like looking hose is to vent the axle housing. Has nothing to do with the brakes. Just a way to streamline the assembely line. One part has 2 functions. Retainer for the distribution block and the nipple for the breather line. Simplier axle housing as well, only need the one threaded hole to do everything. Otherwise you would need the hole for the breather and another hole to bolt the distribution block on.
The rest (the brake lines) hopefully makes sense on there own.