I used to believe that the correct foundation for an automotive finish was to use an etching primer, followed by filler as necessary, followed by epoxy primer, high build primer, then single stage color.
But then I learned that the San Jose Factory painted my Mustang floor pans and underside with "slop grey" paint. Slop grey comes from mixing leftover single stage color from the previous paint jobs.
Since Ford thought it was OK to use single stage acrylic enamel on bare metal...I am now questioning why I need to use ANY primer. If the single stage topcoat can be used on floorpans, and last 50 years...then it should be good enough to spray on directly.
So last week, on my roadster cowl...I painted it with single stage enamel on bare metal. I hit it with a DA at 180...and cleaned with wax and grease remover and shot it. I have to admit that it came out really nice. WAY better than I expected.
I'm going to give it a few months and see how well it holds on.
I think it might be OK for door jambs, and fender aprons, etc. I'm not ready to try it on anything that needs to be pretty.
(That being said...if there is any filler, or dissimilar material...you really do need a sealer.)