Self energizing brakes. The smaller primary shoe gets pressed against the drum. the drag pushes through the adjuster into the larger secondary shoe. The drag is terminated at the upper anchor pin. with a top mounted wheel cylinder the forward shoe is the smaller primary shoe. The rear is the larger, more productive secondary shoe.
If the brakes only worked in one direction (like a boat trailer) the wheel cylinder would only need to be one ended. But since people like brakes to work in reverse the wheel cylinders are double ended, all the forces go the other way.