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The only purpose for that system would be to make VERY fine adjustments to the wheel bearing preload; much finer than these trucks (or any other I can think of) would need.
It would also eliminate the need for the special spanner wrench to torque the outer nut. But that's just a side-effect (and not really a good one).
I had a Scout II in High school. Those look similar to the ones it had. It had automatic hubs and the outside lock rings had allen screws in them also. Been a long time ago but sure does look familiar.
I believe what we're seeing is the system used by Warn on, at least, their GM application locking hubs but with a PO mod of the drilled and tapped holes and the set screws.
Superwinch used a similar locking method behind their locking hubs. My '79 Sub had the same set-up, minus the set screws, under it's locking hubs. I've threatened to drill & tap yota wheel bearing nuts to do exactly that.
Ford used a self locking nut with the auto locking hubs. It had a spring-loaded ratcheting locking feature. You tightened them enough to preload the bearings and that was it. They worked with some Superwinch hubs I had but didn't fit under Warns. I don't know if they fit under stock locking hubs. They look like this:
I've seen them before on one of my Broncos in the past. I don't like em, way more trouble than the standard ones. I would replace them with the regular lock nuts available through our vendors.
The came factory on my 1988 bronco... it had the weird lockouts like a Ranger or a Explorer had. When you remove the wheel, the lock out would set overtop of the studs and would slide off. I've only seen one other one like it.... Mine was a Custom, no power anything, 302 and C6.