I understand the differences in how they work, what I don't understand is what are the technical limitations of the vacuum setup?
Is there not enough vacuum to give adequate boost? Not enough flow? Would larger disc or calipers help?
As was alluded to, it's the physical size of the boosters available to fit under the hood of a Bronco. If you could fit an F350-sized vacuum booster in the space available you could have extremely strong brakes even with big tires.
A hydro-boost might be on par with one of those, but there's just no comparison between a hydroboost even as used on a small-ish Astro Van and a tiny Pinto/Mustang II-sized vacuum booster.
And then there is new vs old. Just from limited comparisons, those that have had their old stock units rebuilt vs using new aftermarket have felt like the originals offered most assist.
There are several regular posters that are original owners of their '76 or '77 EB's with vacuum boosters, but not sure if they've had to replace them with new and have a direct comparison. But if they have it would be nice to hear from them as well
To your other questions, yes there are times when there is not enough vacuum. More and more people are installing high-performance engines with lower than stock vacuum. So that has an effect for sure.
And yes, a larger diameter disc rotor has a leverage advantage over a standard sized one. The downsize that stops most people is when they want to stay with 15" wheels. If up-sizing to 16" or 17" or larger wheels is in the cards though, then using larger diameter rotors is a viable option.
Larger calipers, whether through a larger diameter single piston, or multiple pistons equaling a larger surface area will provide more clamping force for a given amount of pedal pressure. So as long as the friction surfaces can handle the heat and force (usually not a big issue for truck-sized components I don't think) you can get more clamping force.
The trade-off is that the more piston area you have, the more pedal travel you have. A small change might not be a big deal, but a big change could literally have you pushing the pedal too near the floor for comfort.
So yeah, it's all doable. But a brake system is so critical that you literally have to think of every component as part of that "system" so that when you want to modify/change one of them, other things need to be taken into account too.
Probably knew that part, but since we're getting into some nitty gritty, figured it was worth mentioning.
Paul